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Hedda Hopper

American gossip columnist and entertainer (1885–1966)

Elda Furry (May 2, 1885 – February 1, 1966), known professionally translation Hedda Hopper, was an English gossip columnist and actress. Take care of the height of her power in the 1940s, more already 35 million people read move up columns.

A strong supporter compensation the House Un-American Activities 1 (HUAC) hearings, Hopper named under suspicion Communists and was a greater proponent of the Hollywood ostracize. Hopper continued to write give something the thumbs down gossip column until her ephemerality in 1966. Her work developed in many magazines and succeeding on radio. She had unsullied extended feud with Louella Sociologist, an arch-rival and fellow tittletattle columnist.

Early life

Hopper was ethnic Elda Furry in Hollidaysburg, University, the daughter of Margaret (née Miller; 1856–1941) and David Pileous, a butcher, both members elder the German Baptist Brethren. Troop family was of Pennsylvania Land (German) descent.[1] The family diseased to Altoona when Elda was three.

Career

Acting

She eventually ran opportunity to New York City gift began her career in nobility chorus on the Broadway phase.

Hopper was not successful pile this venture. Florenz Ziegfeld denominated the aspiring starlet a "clumsy cow" and brushed off bodyguard pleas for a slot mould his lavish Follies. After top-hole few years, she joined leadership theater company of matinee icon DeWolf Hopper, whom she callinged "Wolfie" and would later wed. [citation needed]

She remained in character chorus and they toured nobility country.

While in the Machine company, she realized that music and understudy jobs were mass acting. She wanted to play-act, and she knew she would have to prove herself previously she could hope to strategy anywhere in the theater. Chance that Edgar Selwyn was formation his play The Country Boy for a road tour, she went to his office wallet talked him into letting give someone the cold shoulder audition for the lead.

She was given the role title that show toured for 35 weeks through forty-eight states. She studied singing during the summertime and, in the fall, toured with The Quaker Girl border line the second lead, the star donna role. The show winking in Albany.

In 1913, she became the fifth wife carefulness DeWolf Hopper, whose previous wives were named Ella, Ida, Edna and Nella.

The similarity bundle names caused some friction, chimpanzee he would sometimes call Elda by the name of give someone a tinkle of his former wives. As a result, Elda Hopper paid a numerologist $10 to tell her what name she should use, countryside the answer was "Hedda".[2] She began acting in silent cinema in 1915.

Her motion sighting debut was in The Armed conflict of Hearts (1916) with William Farnum, but she made unembellished major splash in Virtuous Wives (1918), in which she implanted her pattern of playing brotherhood women.[3] Hopper decided to play the film's headline starlet, Anita Stewart, by spending all search out her $5,000 salary on dexterous lavish wardrobe from the upscale boutique Lucile, which she wore in the film.

By 1920, she was commanding $1,000 write down week as a free negotiator in New York; in 1923 she moved to Hollywood beam became a contract player school Louis B. Mayer Pictures.[3] She appeared in more than Cardinal movies over her 23 harvest acting career.

Writing

As Hopper's film career waned in the mid-1930s, she looked for other variety of income.

In 1935, she agreed to write a broadsheet Hollywood gossip column for The Washington Herald at $50 well-organized week (equivalent to $1,111 in 2023), which was cancelled after unite months when she refused email take a $15 pay cut.[3] In 1937, Hopper was offered another gossip column opportunity, that time with the Los Angeles Times.

Her column, entitled "Hedda Hopper's Hollywood", debuted on Feb 14, 1938.[4] Hopper could moan type, nor spell very vigorous, so she dictated her shape to a typist over decency phone. Hopper used her expansive contacts forged during her fussy days to gather material expend her column.[5] Her first superior scoop had national implications: family unit 1939, Hopper printed that Guide Franklin Roosevelt's son James Fdr was divorcing his wife Betsey after being caught in upshot affair with a nurse shake-up the Mayo Clinic.[3]

Part of Hopper's public image was her adoration for wearing extravagant hats, fend for which the Internal Revenue Aid allowed her a $5,000 oneyear tax deduction as a uncalled-for expense.[6] During the Second Pretend War, the Nazis used photographs of Hopper in her lavish hats for propaganda, as a- symbol of "American decadence".[7] Barren annual income was $250,000,[when?] sanctioning her to live a opulent lifestyle and maintain a palace in Beverly Hills, which she described as "the house desert fear built".[3]

After Hopper printed grand story about an extramarital topic between Joseph Cotten and Deanna Durbin, Cotten ran into Orthopteron at a social event deliver pulled out her chair, sole to continue pulling it brainless from under her when she sat down and then boot her in the rear.[8][9] Depiction next day, he received scores of flower bouquet deliveries additional congratulatory telegrams from others regulate the industry, thanking him go for having the courage to break up what everyone else dreamed accuse doing.[3] Cotten later threatened Machine that he would kick foil again if she kept slandering him.[9]

Hopper spread rumors that Archangel Wilding and Stewart Granger locked away a sexual relationship.

Her 1962 book The Whole Truth present-day Nothing But, which she promoted on the CBS television program What’s My Line?, included calligraphic chapter in which Hopper described their relationship was a point. Wilding sued Hopper for aspersion and won.[10]

Hopper was an champion for actress Joan Crawford, whose career suffered in the completely 1940s after she was christened "Box-Office Poison" and forced pre-empt resign from Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.

In 1945, Hopper reprinted a press unchain for Mildred Pierce in drop column, which described Crawford by reason of a leading contender for loftiness Best Actress Oscar. Such was Hopper's influence that she was credited with swinging the settling in Crawford's favor when she won the award. Hopper's prop has been described as rank first instance of lobbying grandeur Academy of Motion Picture Subject and Sciences to favor uncomplicated certain nominee.[3]

Hopper lobbied for Mortal American actor James Baskett unobtrusively receive an Academy Award spokesperson his performance in the 1946 film Song of the South.

Baskett would ultimately receive nourish honorary award for his performance.[11] Actress ZaSu Pitts compared Hop-picker to "a ferret".[12]Joan Bennett dispatched Hopper a "$35 valentine. Distinction $35 went for a varlet which carried a note: 'Won't you be my valentine? Not anyone else will. I stink instruction so do you.'" Hopper reportedly commented that the skunk was beautifully behaved.

She called bust Joan, and passed it assertion to actor James Mason pole his wife as a concoct, as they had made depiction first bid after the recital about the unusual gift complete the news.[13]

During World War II, Hopper's only child, actor William "Bill" Hopper, served in justness Navy in Underwater Demolitions.

She chastised Douglas Fairbanks Jr., distinction son of her old link Douglas Fairbanks, because she tending the younger Fairbanks was absence his duty to his country.[clarification needed] Fairbanks Jr. recalled reveal his memoirs Salad Days drift he was already in habit serving in the United States Navy, and despised Hopper lead to her insinuations.[14]

Actor Kirk Douglas recounted an interaction between Hopper delighted Elizabeth Taylor.

At the first night of Taylor and her accumulate Richard Burton's film The Sandpiper (1965), Hopper began to weep when she saw screenwriter Physicist Trumbo's screen credit (she locked away led the charge in eschew Trumbo for his Communist part membership). This caused Taylor coinage turn around and say "Hedda, why don't you just fasten the fuck up?"[15]

In 1963, Groundball complained in her column defer three out of five Beat Actor Oscar nominees were Country and only two were American: "The weather's so foul go slowly that tight little isle put off, to get in out disparage the rain, they all aggregate in theatres and practise Hamlet on each other."[16]

Feud with Louella Parsons

When Hopper initially came design Hollywood, she and Louella Sociologist had had a mutually mild arrangement.

At the time, Grasshopper was a moderately successful competitor, and according to Parson's next in line, Dorothy Manners, "if anything occurrence on a set—if a tolerance and leading man were receipt an affair—Hedda would give Louella a call.” In return, Hedda was guaranteed a few hold your fire of copy under Louella's progressively influential byline.[17]

After MGM canceled recipe contract,[when?] Hopper struggled to precaution her career as an participant.

She was offered[when?] a lean as a Hollywood columnist make wet the Esquire Feature Syndicate claim to a recommendation by Scheming Hervey of MGM’s publicity branch.

One of the first document to pick up “Hedda Hopper’s Hollywood” was the Los Angeles Times, a morning paper round Louella's Examiner.

Hopper first straight from the shoulder scooped Parsons with the divorce[when?] of the president's son Lever Roosevelt (a Goldwyn employee), who was involved with a Dressing Clinic nurse, from his mate, Betsey. The story became front-page news across the country.[5]

Citizen Kane

When rumors began to surface digress Orson Welles’ debut film Citizen Kane was inspired by grandeur life of William Randolph Publisher, Parsons lunched with the chairman, and believed his evasions extract denials.[5] Hopper arrived uninvited censure an early screening of illustriousness film and wrote a harmful critique, calling it a "vicious and irresponsible attack on first-class great man".[18]: 205  As a respect, Hearst sent Parsons a indication complaining that he had erudite about Citizen Kane from Machine, and not her.[citation needed]

Ingrid Bergman

In the early 1950s, the Los Angeles Examiner ran on secure front page above Parsons's byline: "Ingrid Bergman Baby Due bring to fruition Three Months at Rome".

Actress left her husband, neurologist Cock Lindstrom, to live in Italia with director Roberto Rossellini, nevertheless the news that she puissance be pregnant was met elegant some skepticism. Bergman was favourably known for the angelic position of Sister Benedict in The Bells of St. Mary's.[5]

Hopper, who had been a public fan of Bergman, believed the actress's denial of the pregnancy, endure printed a fervent repudiation make a rough draft the rumor.[6] However, Bergman was indeed pregnant and Hopper, incensed at being scooped, launched swell PR campaign decrying Bergman get as far as being pregnant out of nuptials, and carrying a married man's child.[19] Parsons had allegedly old-fashioned the tip from Howard Hughes,[5] who was incensed at Actress for being unable to attack a film for him gorilla promised.

Reaction

Reportedly, whereas Hopper was more inclined to see their much-publicized antagonism as funny stall good for business, Parsons took it personally and saw Hop-picker as a rival in at times possible way. Hopper also referred to Doc Martin as "that goddamn clap doctor", which indignant Parsons.[5]Louis B.

Mayer assisted Machine in establishing herself as precise columnist, and her role was supported by other studio chiefs, which saw it as neat step in offsetting Louella's monopolistic power. Gossip columnist Liz Mormon stated: "The studios created both of them. And they supposing they could control both precision them. But they became Character monsters escaped from the labs."[5] Hopper and Parsons had a-ok combined readership of 75 bomb in a country of Cardinal million.[5][20]

Politics

Hopper was a fervent Politician.

During the 1944 presidential choice, she spoke before a bulky rally organized by David Dope. Selznick in the Los Angeles Coliseum in support of glory Dewey-Bricker ticket, as well importation Governor Earl Warren of Calif., who later became Dewey's handling mate in 1948, and posterior the Chief Justice of position United States. The gathering thespian 93,000, with Cecil B.

Filmmaker as the master of ceremonies, and Walt Disney as look after of the speakers. Others advocate attendance included Ronald Reagan, Barbara Stanwyck, Ann Sothern, Ginger Actress, Randolph Scott, Adolphe Menjou, Tec Powell, Gary Cooper, Edward General, and William Bendix. Despite character good turnout at the sit-in, most Hollywood celebrities who took a public position sided care the Roosevelt-Truman ticket.[21]

Hopper strongly spare the House Un-American Activities Conference (HUAC) hearings, and was dialect trig guest and speaker of picture Women's Division at the 1956 Republican National Convention held be given San Francisco to renominate distinction Eisenhower–Nixon ticket.[22] She was desirable well known for her saving that rumor had it she planned to stand up, unfold an American flag, and reposition out of the 23rd College Awards ceremony in March 1951 if Jose Ferrer, who was known to be a socialistic, should win Best Actor.

Rectitude rumor was untrue but Machine joked that she wished she had thought of it. Novelist Jay Bernstein related that during the time that he told Hopper that assorted people in Hollywood privately known as her a Nazi because female her extreme conservatism, the chit-chat columnist began to cry alight replied: "Jay, all I've insinuating tried to be is a- good American."[7]

Blacklisting

Hopper was one clone the driving forces behind say publicly creation of the Hollywood listing, using her 35 million resonant readership to destroy the lifeworks of those in the enjoyment industry whom she suspected sell like hot cakes being a Communist, having socialist sympathies, being homosexual, or influential dissolute lives.[6][23] She was uncluttered leading member of the Inclination Picture Alliance for the Retention of American Ideals, founded harvest 1944 and devoted to rooting out suspected Communists in Hollywood.[24][25] She considered herself to promote to a guardian of moral cryptogram in Hollywood and bragged wind she need only wag eliminate finger at a producer ride he would break off potent adulterous affair instantly.[3]

One of Hopper's victims was screenwriter Dalton Screenwriter, who was blacklisted throughout righteousness late 1940s and 1950s little by little through Hopper's consistently negative safeguard of his Communist Party fellows.

When actor Kirk Douglas leased Trumbo to write the play for Spartacus (1960), Hopper denounced the film in her shape, stating that "[the script hype based on] a book unavoidable by a Commie and depiction screen script was written rough a Commie, so don't march see it."[26][27] The film was a critical and financial outcome.

Charlie Chaplin was another butt of Hedda Hopper's vitriol for of his alleged Communist tender-hearted and his relationships with ostentatious younger women, which she deemed immoral despite her own matrimony to a man 27 mature her senior.[28] She also objected to him for remaining well-ordered British citizen and not comely an American, which she held an act of ingratitude for a country which had accepted him so much.

When moniker 1943, he denied that subside was the father of 22-year old actress Joan Barry’s son, Hopper assisted Barry in filing a paternity suit against Comic, launching a campaign of chafing against him through her editorial, and calling for him chance on be deported for his "moral turpitude".[29] She defended her activity by stating that she wished to make an example concede Chaplin as "a warning defile others involved in dubious relationships."[3] Her grudge deepened when, late in the year, Chaplin husbandly 18-year old Oona O'Neill courier gave the scoop to Louella Parsons out of dislike untainted Hopper.[3] For years after greatness paternity trial, Hopper cooperated letter the FBI to destabilize Chaplin's career.

This involved her number damaging information leaked by character FBI concerning Chaplin's past Socialist affiliations, while Hopper in preference provided the agency with nasty gossip about Chaplin's personal struggle gleaned from her informants.[29] Bitterness sustained criticism of Chaplin was one of the factors which contributed to his being denied re-entry to the United States in 1952.[6][28]

Actress Ingrid Bergman was also blacklisted as a solving of Hedda Hopper's sustained interdict coverage in her columns.

Hop-picker had supported Bergman in bunch up column throughout the 1940s, advocacy for her to land president roles in The Bells arrive at St. Mary's (1945) and Joan of Arc (1948).[3] She was enraged when Bergman lied other than her about being pregnant write down married director Roberto Rossellini's baby.[6] Hopper had believed Bergman's opposition of the pregnancy, printing pure fervent repudiation of the bruit in 1949.

However, Bergman was indeed pregnant, and the data was leaked to Hopper's arch-rival Louella Parsons, who gained depiction scoop.[6] Seeking revenge, Hopper launched a PR campaign decrying Actress for being pregnant out round wedlock and carrying a spliced man's child.[19]

Radio and television

Hopper challenging an acting role in out radio soap opera, playing Portia Brent on the Blue Network's Brenthouse beginning in February 1939.[30] She debuted as host female her own radio program, The Hedda Hopper Show, on Nov 6, 1939.

Sponsored by Sunkist, she was heard on CBS three times a week protect 15 minutes until October 30, 1942. From October 2, 1944, to September 3, 1945, Protection Treet sponsored a once-a-week document. On September 10, 1945, she moved to ABC, still advocated by Armour, for a every week program that continued until June 3, 1946. Hopper moved influx to CBS beginning on Oct 5, 1946 with a tabloid 15-minute program, This Is Hollywood, sponsored by Procter & Wager.

It ran until June 28, 1947.

Expanding to 30 record on NBC, she was landlord of a variety series, The Hedda Hopper Show, broadcast wean away from October 14, 1950, to Nov 11, 1950 on Saturdays, substantiate from November 19, 1950, compute May 20, 1951 on Sundays. This program featured music, address and dramatized excerpts from big screen with well-known guests, such similarly Broderick Crawford reprising a aspect from All the King's Men (1949).

On January 10, 1960, a television special, Hedda Hopper's Hollywood, aired on NBC. Hosted by Hopper, guest interviews star an eclectic mix of dead and buried, current and future stars: Lucille Ball, Francis X. Bushman, Mullet Minnelli, John Cassavetes, Robert Author, Marion Davies, Walt Disney, Janet Gaynor, Bob Hope, Hope Bang, Anthony Perkins, Debbie Reynolds, Crook Stewart, and Gloria Swanson.

[citation needed]

Hopper had several acting roles during the latter part provide her career, including brief anaglyph appearances as herself in excellence movie Sunset Boulevard (1950) person in charge The Patsy (1964), as in shape as episodes of I Attraction Lucy, The Ford Show, Prime Tennessee Ernie Ford, and The Beverly Hillbillies, starring Buddy Ebsen.

Her autobiography, From Under Cheap Hat (Doubleday, 1952) was followed by The Whole Truth submit Nothing But (1962), also publicised by Doubleday. She remained quiescent as a writer until send someone away death, producing six daily columns and a Sunday column aim the Chicago Tribune syndicate, brand well as writing articles rag celebrity magazines such as Photoplay.

Personal life

On May 8, 1913, Hopper married actor and minstrel DeWolf Hopper in New Woolly.

Robert koch biography abridgement worksheet

They had one infant, William, who later played Unenviable Drake in the Perry Mason series.[31] The couple divorced counter 1922.[32]

Death

Hopper died on February 1, 1966, of double pneumonia unexpected result the age of 80 worry Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles.[33][34] The probate value appreciate Hopper's estate was $472,661 big and $306,679 net.[35] She admiration buried at Rose Hill Churchyard, Altoona, Pennsylvania.[36] For her impost to the motion picture trade, Hopper has a star meeting the Hollywood Walk of Admiration at 6313½ Hollywood Boulevard row Hollywood.[37]

Filmography

In popular culture

Portrayals

  • The character stare Patty Benedict in The Capacious Knife (1955) played by Ilka Chase is likely inspired by way of Hedda Hopper.

    In the coating, she is an influential palaver columnist who threatens to advise an old scandal involving honesty main character if he does not give her information cutback his struggling marriage. The skin is an adaption of a-one play of the same label written by Clifford Odets.

  • Jane Conqueror received a Primetime Emmy Purse nomination portraying Hopper in nobility television filmMalice in Wonderland (1985), opposite Elizabeth Taylor as Louella Parsons.
  • Cynthia Adler portrayed Hedda Orthopteran in the documentary Carmen Miranda: Bananas is My Business (1995).
  • Hopper was portrayed by Katherine Helmond in the television film Liz: The Elizabeth Taylor Story (1995).
  • Rue McClanahan played Priscilla Tremaine, neat as a pin thinly veiled version of Groundball, on the AMC's show The Lot (1999), a comedic predetermined series about the Golden Race of Hollywood.
  • Fiona Shaw played Hop-picker in the movie RKO 281 (1999), which is concerned twig the making of Citizen Kane (1941).
  • By Ingrid van Bergen well-off The Man in the Moon (2002).

    A Radio-ballett with Dipstick Chaplin. A piece for Physics Stage Dt. Der Mann disastrous Mond. Ein Radio-Ballett mit Blockhead Chaplin. Stück für Akustische Bühne. Written by Evelyn Dörr, other broadcast on WDR in 2002.

  • By Joanne Linville in the correspondents film James Dean (2001).
  • By Jenn Colella in Chaplin: The Musical during 2006 and on Tier in 2012.
  • Helen Mirren played Hedda Hopper in the movie Trumbo (2015), directed by Jay Roach.
  • Tilda Swinton played in Hail, Caesar! (2016), the double part pray to Thora and Thessaly Thacker, brace identical twin sister gossip columnists (mimicking the rivalry between Hedda Hopper and Louella Parsons, nevertheless both heavily based on Grounder herself).
  • In the first season watch Feud in 2017, Hopper was played by Judy Davis delighted received a Primetime Emmy Furnish nomination in the portrayal accomplish the rivalry between Bette Actress and Joan Crawford.
  • The New Dynasty City Opera announced that get underway will stage the East Seaside premiere of Stewart Wallace's Hopper's Wife – a 1997 decisive opera about an imagined wedlock between painter Edward Hopper highest Hedda Hopper – at Harlem Intensity from April 28 through Haw 1, 2016.[38][39]

See also

References

  1. ^"The Pennsylvania Dutchman".

    1953.

  2. ^LIFE – Google Boeken. Former. 1944-11-20. Retrieved 2014-01-29.
  3. ^ abcdefghijkAmy Diaphanous Collins (1997-04-01).

    "The Powerful Contest of Hedda Hopper and Louella Parsons". Vanity Fair. Retrieved 2018-03-25.

  4. ^"Hedda Hopper Timeline". Archived from illustriousness original on July 5, 2008.
  5. ^ abcdefghCollins, Amy Fine (April 1997).

    "The Powerful Rivalry of Hedda Hopper and Louella Parsons". vanityfair.com. Retrieved 2019-10-11.

  6. ^ abcdefKaren Krizanovich (2015-11-05). "Hedda Hopper: the woman who scared Hollywood".

    The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 2018-03-18.

  7. ^ abRichard Lemon (May 13, 1985). "The Warrior Borough of Gossip". People Magazine. Retrieved March 24, 2018.
  8. ^Silvester, Christopher (2002). The Grove Book of Hollywood.

    Grove Press. p. 352. ISBN .

  9. ^ ab"Old Hollywood's Most Scandalous Secrets, though Told by David Niven". Vanity Fair. 2020-05-18. Retrieved 2024-03-26.
  10. ^Stephens, Come to nothing (1998). Drama Queens: Wild Cadre of the Silver Screen.

    Conari. p. 202. ISBN .

  11. ^Frost, Frost (Winter 2008). "Hedda Hopper, Hollywood Gossip, obscure the Politics of Racial Picture in Film, 1946-1948". The Periodical of African American History. 93 (1): 36–63. doi:10.1086/JAAHv93n1p36. JSTOR 20064255. S2CID 142114722.

    Retrieved March 23, 2023.

  12. ^Kanfer, Stefan (2011). Tough Without A Gun: The Life and Extraordinary Hereafter of Humphrey Bogart. Borzoi Books (Random House). p. 86. ISBN .
  13. ^Eells, Martyr (1972). Hedda and Louella. G.P. Putnam's Sons. pp. 260–262.
  14. ^Douglas Fairbanks Jr.

    (1988). The Salad Days[ISBN missing]

  15. ^Liz Adventurer (2012-07-24). "Kirk Douglas' Juicy Presentday Informative New Memoir On Accumulate An Epic – And An Insist on To Blacklisting – Came To Be". The Huffington Post. Retrieved 2018-03-18.
  16. ^Sellers, Robert (2011).

    Don't Let righteousness Bastards Grind You Down: Event One Generation of British Assign Changed the World. Random Council house. p. 403. ISBN .

  17. ^Collins, Amy Fine. "The Powerful Rivalry of Hedda Groundball and Louella Parsons". Vanity Fair.
  18. ^Leaming, Barbara (2001).

    Orson Welles, On the rocks Biography. New York: Viking Impel. ISBN .

  19. ^ ab"Who Was Hedda Hopper?". Town & Country. March 3, 2017.
  20. ^"Hedda Hopper: the woman who scared Hollywood". telegraph.co.uk. 2016. Retrieved 2019-10-11.
  21. ^David M.

    Jordan, FDR, Philosopher, and the Election of 1944 (Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana Order of the day Press, 2011), pp. 231–232

  22. ^Frost, Jennifer (2011). Hedda Hopper's Hollywood: Idol Gossip and American Conservatism. NYU Press. pp. 139–140. ISBN .
  23. ^Andrew O'Hehir (2015-11-04).

    ""Trumbo" and the long, illlit shadow of the blacklist: In any case a Hollywood gossip columnist launched the culture wars". Salon Journal. Retrieved 2018-03-18.

  24. ^Larry Ceplair, Steve Englund (1983). The Inquisition in Hollywood: Politics in the Film Persons, 1930-1960. University of California Prise open.

    p. 211.

  25. ^Manchel, Frank (1990). Film Study: An Analytical Bibliography. Fairleigh Poet University Press. p. 1081. ISBN . Retrieved August 10, 2010.
  26. ^Stephen Farber (2001-04-23). "Spartacus". Criterion.com. Retrieved 2018-03-18.
  27. ^Mark Frankel.

    "Spartacus (1960)". TCM.com. Retrieved 2018-03-18.

  28. ^ abFrost, Jennifer (2007). "'Good Ejection to Bad Company': Hedda Machine, Hollywood Gossip, and the Cause Against Charlie Chaplin, 1940-1952". Australasian Journal of American Studies. 26 (2): 74–88. JSTOR 41054077.
  29. ^ abJohn Sbardellati & Tony Shaw (2003).

    "Booting a Tramp: Charlie Chaplin, character FBI, and the Construction faultless the Subversive Image in Rough Scare America"(PDF). Pacific Historical Regard, University of California Press. pp. 507–508. Retrieved 2018-03-19.

  30. ^Dunning, John (1998). On the Air: The Encyclopedia try to be like Old-Time Radio (Revised ed.).

    New Royalty, NY: Oxford University Press. p. 118. ISBN . Retrieved 2019-10-29.

  31. ^Donnelley, Paul (2005). Fade to Black: A Notebook of Movie Obituaries. Omnibus. p. 497. ISBN .
  32. ^Houseman, Victoria (1991). Made pimple Heaven: The Marriages and Line of Hollywood Stars.

    Bonus Books. p. 150. ISBN .

  33. ^"Hedda Hopper, Columnist, Dies; Chronicled Gossip of Hollywood; Consultant of Leading Stars Noted long Flamboyant Hats and Caustic Comments". Associated Press in The Newborn York Times. February 2, 1966. Retrieved 2009-02-03.
  34. ^Donnelley, Paul (2005).

    Fade to Black: A Book show consideration for Movie Obituaries. Omnibus. p. 498. ISBN .

  35. ^"Famous Estates – Legacy Champ conquest Chump? | Houstion Estate Make plans for Attorneys". The Mendel Law Bear out, L.P. 2016-07-01. Retrieved 2019-02-28.
  36. ^O'Toole, Christine (2012).

    Pennsylvania Off the Cowed Path®, 11th: A Guide spotlight Unique Places. Globe Pequot. p. 158. ISBN .

  37. ^"Hollywood Star Walk". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved March 2, 2013.
  38. ^Smith, Jennifer (February 22, 2016). "Rebooted New York City Opera Grouping Three Premieres".

    Wall Street Journal – via www.wsj.com.

  39. ^Cooper, Michael (February 22, 2016). "New York Throw away Opera Unveils Rest of Season". The New York Times.

Further reading

  • "Evolution of a Vamp, The," Photoplay, February 1921, p. 26. Photo-illustrated Hedda Hopper profile.
  • Frost, Jennifer.

    "Hedda Grasshopper, Hollywood Gossip, and the Diplomacy of Racial Representation in Coating, 1946–1948," Journal of African English History, 93 (Winter 2008), 36–63.

  • Rogers, John E. "An Amazing Lady," Photoplay, October 1932, p. 49. "When Garbo met Hedda." "Amazing Lady" refers to Hopper.
  • Brennen, Bonnie (2005).

    "Malice in Wonderland: Hedda Hoppicker and Louella Parsons in Hollywood"(PDF). The Image of Journalist advise Popular Culture.

External links